What was the biggest mistake the Ottoman Empire made in WWI?
The biggest mistake that the Ottoman Empire made in WWI is not to join or join with the Germans.
It was inevitable that Turkey would join the Great War because everybody in the Sublime Port knew perfectly well that it would be impossible to survive after the war if they stayed neutral.
It was also impossible not to join on the German side because first Britain and later the Russians refused to make a pact with Turkey because after all the Brits were after the oil rich areas and the Russians were ready to give their right arm for Istanbul.
Besides even the Germans were reluctant to accept Turkey as an ally up until the day they were stopped at the Western Front.
Anyways, Turkey entered the war and because the leaders of the time were not well versed in global affairs and considered the German military superior to everything else, they yielded the command of the Turkish military to German officers.
Those officers certainly made their best efforts to win but the German high strategists put their priorities on the Getman victory and if, in the meantime, Turkey lost lives and eventually the war, they did not care.
From the Turkish point of view the First and Second Canal Operations were strategically unnecessary and doomed to fail. From a German point of view it was good business to threaten one of the major arteries of the British Empire but what they did not consider was the possibility of a revolt in the Hejaz which would be of horrible consequences to the Ottoman Empire in the long run.
It is even arguable that Liman von Sanders, an honest enough soldier in my humble opinion, may have succumbed to the idea of spending Turkish troops with the purpose of moving British troops away from the Western Front and turned the Gallipoli defence into an war of attrition where both sides bled heavily.
Examples to this thesis are just too numerous to mention here and the greatest mistake Turkey did was to transfer the power to make strategic decisions to a foreign power even if that power was an ally.
Strangely enough we came to our senses exactly one century after the start of the Great War and history will not repeat itself.
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